北京：九方宅

　　摘要：

　　在古老都城的中心地带，在一片以灰色为底色、以四合院为肌理的老城区里，一块230平方米的用地能生成什么样的住宅？敏感的灰色地带里，我们将注意力集中在内部：内向居住环境的自然化和内向居住感受的丰富性。通常，四合院布局是以周边建筑围合一个中心庭院，庭院和房子截然两分；不同于这一思路，我们把院子分成四份，分列四方，面积不等，景致各异，标高不同;而在四方庭院之余，是功能不同的五幢房子，整个基地布局如同一个九宫格。由此生成的小住宅里含有两点探索：一，小尺度庭院与实体空间高密度交织，使每一个院子相邻三个实体空间，每一个实体空间至少相邻两个院子。北京地属夏热冬冷地区，但庭院为采光通风、引入自然发挥了重要作用。二，通过对细节的推敲，旨在使庭院与居住之间疏密错落，揖让有度，从中探索更为内省的居住美学，更为精致的与自然的对话，将传统抽象的审美理想转化为现实生活里实在可触的诗意。

　　今天，纯粹乡野既不易得、也难以会心。而在我们的文化里，最具诗意的生存蓝本——见于园林遗存、文字记述和古画皴染的生机，是浸润在文明中、经由情感和智性梳理出的一片乡野，这应当能够成为当下居住理想的来源，嫁接在现代生活之上，使之成为诗意生长的容器。

　　在三年缓慢的建造过程中，立体庭院的优越逐步实现，也因此确凿地存留下来。在一个传统文化坎坷重建的年代，在一处与自然日渐隔阂的钢筋混凝土城市丛林里，建造这个小房子成为一个契机——把关乎传统和自然、现代与乡野的生活想象真实地放在地面上。

　　关键词：

　　北京内城小住宅 文明中的乡野 屋如手卷

　　Abstract：

　　At the end of 2007, we received a project which is to design a house on a site of 230 square meters for a family, in the heart of the ancient city --Beijing. Since the site hides deeply in the core of Beijing city and is surrounded by old grey courtyard houses, we decided to turn our intention to the internal quality of the house, such as the harmony with nature and the richness of experience inside. Typically, the traditional courtyard house based on a central yard and enclosed by surrounding rooms. Different from the tradition, we tried to divide the central yard into four diverse yards, with different views and dimensions. As the result, the floor plan was finally solidified as a nine-square grid. In this design, we have two fields of explorations. First, we try to interweave small scale yards with small scale spatial entities in high density. Each yard is adjacent to three spatial entities, and each entity is adjacent to two yards at least. Though Beijing is hot in summer and cold in winter, the yards play an important role in introducing natural lighting and ventilation. Secondly, through detailed design and research, we are creating a refined and poetic dialogue between yard and spatial entity. Through this, we can bring abstract traditional aesthetics into real life.

　　It is not easy to live in the countryside or get a feeling of rural beauty nowadays. But in Chinese culture, the most poetic living blueprint - which can be found in the garden remains, texts of scholars and ancient paintings - is a countryside immersed in civilization, full of emotion and stimulation. This should be a source of living ideals today, like a vessel for poetic growth grafted on top of modern life.

　　In three years of construction process, the superiority of gardens gradually came into reality. In this era which the fragmental traditional Chinese cultures are reconstructed slowly, in this city which is an urban concrete jungle isolated from the nature, this house had provided us an opportunity – to bring an ideal scenario into reality , combined of natural and traditional, modern and rustic life.

　　Keywords：

　　house in the old city, a countryside immersed in civilization, house as a handscroll

　　1 内城里的乡野梦

　　缘起

　　2007年年底，北京正值秋末冬初，我们第一次去看基地。这是一个小杂院，院子部分加盖了玻璃顶棚，以便拥有全天候的气象条件。虽然才是几十年的老房子，但也破败不堪，没有丝毫之前想象的古旧雅致。房子被分割成若干个小间，成为低廉的出租屋。整个基地接近矩形，东西面宽19.5m，南北进深12.5m。北邻一条仅容两车错过的小巷，巷北是一家四层高的小型酒店，客房可以俯瞰基地。基地西侧是两层高的坡屋顶建筑，东侧的胡同仅仅宽一米多，通往南部的两户邻居，也是基地入口的通道。基地南侧紧贴一处昔日王府，现由某协会使用，废弃的厨房紧靠基地，屋顶上加建的高窗直接朝向基地。几米之外，就是王府宅邸正房凝重的金色琉璃瓦屋顶，恰好位于夕阳西下的方向，屋顶卷曲的轮廓线成为隐没太阳的地平线。如果登高再朝西望，老城里的金黄碧绿琉璃屋顶和民居的灰色瓦屋顶鳞次栉比；朝东望，上世纪五十年代起兴建的高层建筑依次向远方延伸。这一局促基地上的小房子，恰好将要建在这新旧交替的分界线上。

　图1：基地现状

　图2：基地总平面

　　老城区，老街巷，老房子，在北京的气候条件下，北方传统的合院居住模式里还潜藏着怎样的可能？现代建筑具有完备的技术保障，传统生存蓝图则富有风光雨雪晕染的想象与诗意，两者可否兼容？在北京旧城急进的蜕皮式更新进程里，这一小尺度的实践如何调和现代生活，并回应近在咫尺的传统？因为地块的狭小，设计初期曾陷入困境，按照通常在基地里设置庭院的方式，庭院空间和居住空间容易成为截然两分的二元对立。尽管这样的建筑格局已经得到委托方的认可，我们仍试图追索萦绕于心的疑问：如何能让居住和庭院相互交融？能否借鉴传统建筑空间中蕴含的精神使之融合，使得在这一小尺度基地里的内与外、起居与自然打成一片？

　　既然呆板地照搬北方传统庭院建筑模式不能得解，我们需要尝试寻找另一种可能。