Research on Pretreatment of Micro-Polluted Source Water by Biological Contact Oxidation Process ZHANG Dong,XU Jian-hua,LIU Hui (School of Environ.Sci.and Eng.,Tongji Univ.,Shanghai 200092,China)
Abstract: Experimental research on pretreatment of polluted raw water with higher turbidity and higher ammonia-N concentration by biological contact oxidation process (B COP) with elastic packing was conducted and compared with conventional water treatment process.Experimental results showed that removal rates of ammonia-N,CODMn,and UV254 were 60%~80%,0.5%~25%,and 1%~15% respectively at raw water turbidity of 50~200NTU,ammonia-N concentration of 1~10mg/L and temperature of 18~30 ℃.During the test, higher turbidity (from 200 NTU to 800NTU) of raw water had no significant effect on removal efficiency of ammonia-N and CODMn.Nitrite removal rate was 20%~50%,but nitrite accumulation took place when ammonia-N concentration was rather high.With the BCOP,pollutants removal effects of subsequent sedimentation tank and rapid sand filter could be improved. Keywords: micro-polluted source water;pretreatment;biological contact oxidation
4.2 生化池预处理效果及分析 4.2.1 浊度的去除(见图2) 从图2可以看出,浊度的去除率在5%~40%,平均约17%,其去除机理主要依赖以下作用: ① 填料上生物膜的生物絮凝作用和对形成浊度的有机物吸附降解; ② 由于溶解氧充足,以细菌为食料的原生动物大量繁殖促进了生物絮凝,而且这些原生动物(如轮虫和纤毛虫等)还可以吞食水中游离细菌和微小的污泥质点,从而降低生化池出水的浊度;
③ 老化脱落的生物膜可起到生物絮凝剂的作用,与细小的悬浮颗粒形成大絮体沉降到底部; ④ 部分原水中的较大颗粒可自然沉降除去。 总的来说,当原水浊度较高时,浊度的去除以自然沉降和生物絮凝沉降为主,生物吞噬分解能力有限。微孔曝气的生化池气水比一般取(0.5~1.0)∶1,既可以使生化池有足够的溶解氧,又有适当的曝气搅拌强度。若气水比过大,会有部分老化脱落生物膜和固体颗粒被冲出生化池而导致出水浊度升高。 4.2.2 氨氮的去除(见图3)
① 生化池正常运行时,原水浊度经常在50~200NTU,水温在20~30℃,生化池对氨氮的去除率为60%~80%、CODMn的去除率为0.5%~25%,较高浊度的冲击不会明显影响生化池去染的效果,但宜设机械排泥装置,每12h排泥一次,可保证生化池稳定运行。 ② 亚硝酸盐氮的去除主要和原水氨氮的浓度、停留时间和水温有关,在原水氨氮浓度较低时,去除率为20%~50%,而原水氨氮浓度较高时则亚硝酸盐氮反而会积累。 ③ 生化池对UV254的去除率在1%~15%,平均约8%。 ④ 增加生物预处理的工艺系统和水厂的常规处理系统相比较,前者不但混凝沉淀池和砂滤池有显著的染效果,而且可以大大减少加氯量和有害氯代副产物的生成量。
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